desert

詳細解釋：

desert

n.（名詞）
A barren or desolate area, especially:
荒地：貧瘠的或荒蕪的區域，尤其指：
A dry, often sandy region of little rainfall, extreme temperatures, and sparse vegetation.
沙漠：下雨很少，溫度極高，植被貧乏的乾燥，通常多沙的地區
A region of permanent cold that is largely or entirely devoid of life.
冰原：長久寒冷，幾乎沒有生命的區域
An apparently lifeless area of water.
死水：明顯無生命的水域
An empty or forsaken place; a wasteland:
荒地，荒原：空曠，荒蕪的地方；荒地：
例句：
a cultural desert.
文化荒原

Archaic A wild, uncultivated, and uninhabited region.
【古語】 不毛之地：荒涼的，未經開墾的，無人居住的區域
adj.（形容詞）
Of, relating to, characteristic of, or inhabiting a desert:
荒涼的，荒蕪的：沙漠的，與沙漠有關的，多沙漠的，居住在沙漠的：
例句：
desert fauna.
生長在荒原上的動物群

Barren and uninhabited; desolate:
荒涼的，不毛的：貧瘠而無人居住的；荒蕪的，廢棄的：
例句：
a desert island.
荒涼的島

來源：
Middle English
中古英文
from Old French
源自 古法文
from Late Latin dôsertum [from neuter past participle of] dôserere [to desert] * see desert 3
源自 後期拉丁語 dôsertum [] 源自dôserere的中性過去分詞 [荒廢] *參見 desert3

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desert
desert 2

n.（名詞）
Often deserts Something that is deserved or merited, especially a punishment:
常作 deserts 值得，應得：應得的東西（尤指懲罰）：
例句：
They got their just deserts when the scheme was finally uncovered.
當陰謀最終被揭露時，他們得到了他們應得的懲罰

The state or fact of deserving reward or punishment.
受罰，受賞：應得到獎賞或懲罰的狀態或事實

來源：
Middle English
中古英文
from Old French deserte [from feminine past participle of] deservir [to deserve] * see deserve
源自 古法文 deserte [] 源自deservir的陰性過去分詞 [應得] *參見 deserve

<注釋>When Shakespeare says in Sonnet 72,.Unless you would devise some virtuous lie,/To do more for me than mine own desert,.he is using the worddesert in the sense of .worthiness; deserving,. a word that is perhaps most familiar to us in the plural, meaning .something that is deserved,.as in the phrasejust deserts. This word goes back to the Latin worddôservore, .to devote oneself to the service of,.which in Vulgar Latin came to mean .to merit by service.. Dôservore is made up ofdô-, meaning .thoroughly,. and servore, .to serve.. Knowing this,we can distinguish thisdesert from desert, .a wasteland,. and desert, .to abandon,. both of which go back to Latindôserere, .to forsake, leave uninhabited,. which is made up ofdô-, expressing the notion of undoing, and the verb serere, .to link together.. We can also distinguish all threedeserts from dessert, .a sweet course at the end of a meal,. which is from the French worddesservir, .to clear the table.. Desservir is made up ofdes-, expressing the notion of reversal, and servir (from Latin servore ), .to serve,. hence, .to unserve. or .to clear the table..
當莎士比亞在第72首十四行詩中說：.除非你能編出善意的謊言/把我說得比我本人強得多.，這裡desert 的意思就是.應得的東西.。 對這個詞，我們最熟悉的大概是其複數形式（意思是.應得的東西.）。例如在詞組just deserts 中。 該詞的起源可以追溯到拉丁詞deservire ， 意為.為…而獻身.，在俗拉丁語中，意思就變成了.依據服務應得….。 Deservire 由de- 意思是.完全地，徹底地.和 servire .服務.組成。 知道了這些，我們就可以把desert 與 desert .荒原.和 desert .放棄.區別開來。 後面兩個意義可追溯到拉丁語deserere .遺棄，無人居住.， 它由de- 表示.不做.的概念和動詞 serere .連線到一起.組成。 我們也能把所有這三個deserts 與 dessert .正餐最後上的一道甜食.區分開來， 後者來自法文詞desservir .收拾桌子.。 Desservir 由表達.反，逆.概念的des- 和 servir 組成（來自拉丁語 servire ）， 意為.服務.、.因此.、.不上菜.或.清理桌子.

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desert
desert 3

v.（動詞）
de.sert.ed,de.sert.ing,de.serts
v.tr.（及物動詞）
To leave empty or alone; abandon.
遺棄；放棄：留下空白或使獨自；拋棄
To withdraw from, especially in spite of a responsibility or duty; forsake:
遠離，遺棄：遠離，尤指不管責任或義務而遠離；放棄：
例句：
deserted her friend in a time of need.
拋棄了需要她的朋友

To abandon (a military post, for example) in violation of orders or an oath.
誓絕：以命令或以誓言強制放棄（軍隊官職等）
v.intr.（不及物動詞）
To forsake one`s duty or post, especially to be absent without leave from the armed forces with no intention of returning.
擅離職守：放棄職責或崗位，尤指從軍隊中開小差

來源：
French déserter
法文 déserter
from Late Latin dôsert3re
源自 後期拉丁語 dôsert3re
from Latin dôserere dôsert- [to abandon]
源自 拉丁語 dôserere dôsert- [放棄]
dô- [de-]
dô- [前綴，表.放棄.]
serere [to join] * see ser- 2
serere [參加] *參見 ser- 2

【引伸】
desert.er
n.（名詞）