gruff

詳細解釋：

gruff

adj.（形容詞）
gruff.er,gruff.est
Brusque or stern in manner or appearance:
粗魯的，生硬的：行為或外表粗暴的或生硬的：
例句：
a gruff reply.
生硬的答覆

Hoarse; harsh:
粗糙的；粗啞的：
例句：
a gruff voice.
粗啞的嗓音

來源：
Dutch grof
荷蘭語 grof
from Middle Dutch
源自 中古荷蘭語
or Middle Low German
或 中古低地德文

【引伸】
gruff.ly
adv.（副詞）
gruff.ness
n.（名詞）
<參考辭彙><同義詞>gruff,brusque,blunt,bluff,curt,crustyThese adjectives mean abrupt and sometimes discourteous in manner or speech.
這些形容詞意為粗魯，有時意為在行為或言語上無禮。
Gruff implies roughness or surliness of manner and often harsh speechbut does not necessarily suggest rudeness:
Gruff 有舉止粗魯或暴躁、言語嚴厲的含義，但不一定意味著無禮：
例句：
Her answer was gruff, but her eyes twinkled.
她的回答很粗魯，但她眨了眨眼睛。

Brusque emphasizes rude abruptness:
Brusque 強調無禮的粗暴：
例句：
Try to cultivate a less brusque manner.
儘量去培養不那么粗暴的舉止。

Blunt stresses utter franknessand usually a disconcerting directness:
Blunt 則強調完全坦率，通常這種直率令人發窘：
例句：
I have to be blunt: you`re not welcome here.
我必須直話直說，你在這裡不受歡迎。

Bluff refers to unpolished, unceremonious mannerbut usually implies hearty good nature:
Bluff 指不拘禮儀的，唐突的態度，但通常出於熱誠和好心：
例句：
He has a bluff but rather pleasant manner.
他舉止粗魯卻可愛。

Curt denotes usually rude briefness and abruptness of speech:
Curt 含有簡短無禮，言語生硬的意思：
例句：
I received a curt letter telling me I was in arrears on my mortgage payments.
我收到一封無禮的簡訊，說我拖欠了分期付款。

Crusty suggests a rough and forbidding mannerthat sometimes conceals benevolence of spirit:
Crusty 則指粗魯，令人生畏的態度，有時暗含仁善之心：
例句：
He`s a crusty old gentleman who feeds stray dogs and cats.
他是個令人生畏的老紳士，常餵食離群的狗和貓。