guillotine

詳細解釋：

guil.lo.tine

n.（名詞）
A device consisting of a heavy blade held aloft between upright guides and dropped to behead the victim below.
斷頭台：利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斬落犯人頭顱的裝置
An instrument, such as a paper cutter, similar in action to a guillotine.
閘刀：一種類似斷頭台的工具，如剪紙機
v.tr.（及物動詞）
guil.lo.tined,guil.lo.tin.ing,guil.lo.tines
To behead with a guillotine.
斬決：在斷頭台上斬決
To cut with or as if with a guillotine.
剪，鍘：用閘刀或類似閘刀的工具剪

來源：
French
法文
after Joseph Ignace Guillotin (738-84), French physician
源自約瑟夫·英格納斯· 吉約坦 (738-84年），法國醫生

<注釋>.At half past 2 the guillotine severed her head from her body..So reads the statementcontaining the first recorded use ofguillotine in English, found in theAnnual Register of 793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of theguillotine, .a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.. Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution,was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin.Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly,recommended in a speech to that body on October 0, 789,that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility.He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword.In 79 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state`s preferred method of execution.A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier.The device was called alouisette or louison after its inventor`s name,but because of Guillotin`s famous speech,his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin`s death in 84,his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device`s name changed.When their efforts failed,they were allowed to change their name instead.
.十二點半，斷頭台斬落了他的頭顱。.這句話如此寫道。這是英文文章中第一次使用guillotine 這個詞， 它出現在793年的年度文摘 中。 該文中，該詞清楚地體現了guillotine 的功用——.利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斬落犯人頭顱的機器。. 令人啼笑皆非的是，這一成為法國大革命中恐怖暴行最顯著標誌的斷頭台，竟是因一個人文主義醫生，約瑟夫·英格納斯·吉約坦命名的。吉約坦是法國國民代表大會的成員，在7 * 0月的一次發言中向大會提出，在處決犯人時以一種砍頭的機器來代替處決普通犯人時所用的絞刑或是處決貴族時使用的寶劍。他認為用機器砍頭比用繩子或寶劍快而且痛苦小。79年，國民大會確實將用機器砍頭定為國家處決犯人的方法。由外科醫生院秘書長安東尼·路易醫生設計的砍頭裝置在792年4月25日處決攔路強盜佩爾蒂或佩爾捷時第一次使用。這個裝置被稱為路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其發明者而得名。但是由於吉約坦那次著名的發言，他的名字不可避免地與這種機器聯繫在一起。84年吉約坦死後，他的子孫試圖為這種機器換個名字,但沒有成功。當他們的努力失敗後，他們得到允許，改換了自己的名字