incumbent

漢語翻譯

a. 現任的, 依靠的, 負有義務的
n. 領聖俸者, 在職者
【醫】 內向的(植物)

詞型變化：

副詞:incumbently 

英文解釋：

名詞 incumbent:

1. the official who holds an office
   同義詞：officeholder

形容詞 incumbent:

1. lying or leaning on something else
2. necessary (for someone) as a duty or responsibility; morally binding
3. currently holding an office

例句：

1. It is incumbent upon justice to give some warnings of their doubt about a case.
   法官有責任提醒人們有關他們對案件的疑問。
2. It's incumbent on you to advise your son before he leaves home.
   在你兒子離家前給他忠告是你義不容辭的事。
3. The quality or condition of being incumbent.
   有義務負有義務的性質或狀況

詳細解釋：

in.cum.bent

adj.（形容詞）
Imposed as an obligation or a duty; obligatory:
有義務的：強加責任或任務的；有義務的：
例句：
felt it was incumbent on us all to help.
感到我們大家都來幫助是義不容辭的

Lying, leaning, or resting on something else:
憑依的，依靠的：躺、靠或放在其它物上的：
例句：
incumbent rock strata.
依附的岩石層

Currently holding a specified office:
在職的：當前任某一特定職位的：
例句：
the incumbent mayor.
在職的市長

n.（名詞）
A person who holds an office or ecclesiastical benefice:
任職者：行政部門或教會中的任職者：
例句：
defeated the incumbent in a close election.
在一場勢均力敵的選舉中擊敗在職者

來源：
Middle English [holder of an office]
中古英文 [在職者]
from Medieval Latin incumbôns incumbent-
源自 中世紀拉丁語 incumbôns incumbent-
from Latin [present participle of] incumbere [to lean upon, apply oneself to]
源自 拉丁語 [] incumbere的現在分詞 [靠在…上，致力於]
in- [on] * see in- 2
in- [在…上] *參見 in-2
-cumbere [to recline]
-cumbere [斜倚，向後靠]

【引伸】
incum.bently
adv.（副詞）