who

詳細解釋：

who

pron.（代詞）
What or which person or persons:
誰：什麼人、哪個人或哪些人：
例句：
Who leftô
誰離開了ô

Used as a relative pronoun to introduce a clause when the antecedent is a person or persons or one to whom personality is attributed:
誰：當先行詞是一個或多個人或是被賦與身份的一個人時，用作關係代詞來引導從句：
例句：
the visitor who came yesterday; our child, who is gifted; informed sources who denied the story.
昨天來拜訪的那個人；我們天賦異稟的孩子；告訴那些不相信的人這個故事的來源

The person or persons that; whoever:
誰：人或人們；不管什麼人：
例句：
Who believes that will believe anything.
相信那個的人會相信任何事

來源：
Middle English
中古英文
from Old English hw3 * see k wo-
源自 古英文 hw3 *參見 k wo-

The traditional rules that determine the use ofwho and whom are relatively simple: who is used for a grammatical subject, where a nominative pronoun such as I or he would be appropriate, andwhom is used elsewhere. Thus, we writeThe actor who played Hamlet was there, sincewho stands for the subject of played Hamlet; andWho do you think is the best candidateô where who stands for the subject of is the best candidate. But we writeTo whom did you give the letterô sincewhom is the object of the preposition to; andThe man whom the papers criticized did not show up, sincewhom is the object of the verb criticized. ô Considerable effort and attention are required to apply the rules correctly in complicated sentences.To produce correctly a sentence such asI met the man whom the government had tried to get France to extradite, we must anticipate when we writewhom that it will function as the object of the verb extradite, several clauses distant from it.It is thus not surprising that writers from Shakespeare onward should often have interchangedwho and whom. And though the distinction shows no signs of disappearing in formal style,strict adherence to the rules in informal discourse might be taken as evidence that the speaker or writer is paying undue attention to the form of what is said, possibly at the expense of its substance.In speech and informal writingwho tends to predominate over whom; a sentence such asWho did John say he was going to supportô will be regarded as quite natural, if strictly incorrect. By contrast, the use ofwhom where who would be required, as inWhom shall I say is callingô may be thought to betray a certain linguistic insecurity. ô When the relative pronoun stands for the object of a preposition that ends a sentence,whom is technically the correct form: the strict grammarian will insist onWhom (not who ) did you give it toô But grammarians since Noah Webster have argued that the excessive formality ofwhom in these cases is at odds with the relative informality associated with the practice of placing the preposition in final position and that the use of who in these cases should be regarded as entirely acceptable. ô The relative pronounwho may be used in restrictive relative clauses, in which case it is not preceded by a comma, or in nonrestrictive clauses, in which case a comma is required.Thus, we may say eitherThe scientist who discovers a cure for cancer will be immortalized, where the clausewho discovers a cure for cancer indicates which scientist will be immortalized, orThe mathematician over there, who solved the four-color theorem, is widely known, where the clausewho solved the four-color theorem adds information about a person already identified by the phrase the mathematician over there. ô Some grammarians have argued that onlywho and not that should be used to introduce a restrictive relative clause that identifies a person. This restriction has no basis either in logic or in the usage of the best writers;it is entirely acceptable to write eitherthe man that wanted to talk to you or the man who wanted to talk to you. ô The grammatical rules governing the use ofwho and whom apply equally to whoever and whomever. See Usage Note at else ,that ,whose
確定用法的傳統規則who 和 whom 相對簡單： who 語法上用作主語，同 I 或 he 等主格代詞的位置相同， 而whom 用於別處。 這樣，我們寫The actor who played Hamlet was there （演哈姆雷特的演員在那邊）， 因此who 代表的是 played Hamlet 的主語。 在句子Who do you think is the best candidateô （你認為誰是最好的候選人ô）中 who 代表 is the best candidate 的主語。 但是我們說To whom did you give the letterô （你把信給誰了ô）， 因為whom 是介詞 to 的賓語； 在句子The man whom the papers criticized did not show up, （報紙上批評的那個人沒有來）， 因為whom 是動詞 criticized 的賓語 。在複雜的句子裡，正確套用這些規則需要相當的努力和注意。正確地造出如I met the man whom the government had tried to get France to extradite （我遇到了政府曾努力讓法國引渡的那個人）這樣的句子， 在寫whom 之前我們必須預知它將作動詞 extradite 的賓語， 儘管兩個詞離得很遠。這也就難怪自莎士比亞以來的作家經常把who 和 whom 交換使用了。 儘管在正式文體中兩者區別仍然存在，但如果在非正式的交談中嚴格地遵守這些規則會被認為說話者或作者可能不顧內容而過分注視說話的形式。在口語和非正式書面語中，who 趨向於代替 whom; 人們會認為象Who did John say he was going to supportô （約翰說他將支持誰ô）這樣句子很自然，儘管嚴格來說它是不正確的。 相反，在應該用who 的地方用 whom 則顯出一種語言上的不穩定， 如Whom shall I say is callingô （我說是誰在打電話ô）。 當關係代詞替代句尾的介詞賓語時，whom 在理論上是正確的形勢： 嚴格的語法堅持Whom （而不是 who ) did you give it toô（你把它給誰了？） 但從諾·韋伯斯特以來的語法學家認為whom 在這種情況下過分正式，而把介詞放在句尾相對來說又不正式，這就有了矛盾，所以在這種情況下用 who 完全可以接受。 關係代詞who 可以用在限定關係從句中，前面不要加逗號， 也可用在非限定關係從句中，則需要加逗號。所以我們既可以說The scientist who discovers a cure for cancer will be immortalized （發現治癒癌症的方法的科學家將會因此而不朽）， 在此處從句who discovers a cure for cancer 指這樣的科學家將會不朽， 也可以說The mathematician over there, who solved the four-color theorem, is widely known （在那邊的數學家非常出名，他解決了四色定理）， 從句who solved the four-color theorem 給已經由短語 the mathematician over there 確定了的人增加了一些有關他的信息。 有些語法學家認為只有who 而不是 that 可以連線表示人的限定性關係從句。 這種限制在邏輯上沒有根據，在最優秀作家的用法中也未有根據；無論說the man that wanted to talk to you （想要跟你說話的那個人）或 the man who wanted to talk to you 都是完全可以接受的。 有關who 和 whom 的語法規則同樣適用於 whoever 和 whomever 參見 else,that,whose